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The NASA Langley Research Center's Unmanned Aerial System Surrogate Research Aircraft

机译：NASA兰利研究中心的无人机系统替代研究飞机

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Research is needed to determine what procedures, aircraft sensors and other systems will be required to allow Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to safely operate with manned aircraft in the National Airspace System (NAS). The NASA Langley Research Center has transformed a Cirrus Design SR22 general aviation (GA) aircraft into a UAS Surrogate research aircraft to serve as a platform for UAS systems research, development, flight testing and evaluation. The aircraft is manned with a Safety Pilot and systems operator that allows for flight operations almost anywhere in the NAS without the need for a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certificate of Authorization (COA). The UAS Surrogate can be controlled from a modular, transportable ground station like a true UAS. The UAS Surrogate is able to file and fly in the NAS with normal traffic and is a better platform for real world UAS research and development than existing vehicles flying in restricted ranges or other sterilized airspace. The Cirrus Design SR22 aircraft is a small, singleengine, four-place, composite-construction aircraft that NASA Langley acquired to support NASA flight-research programs like the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Project. Systems were installed to support flight test research and data gathering. These systems include: separate research power; multi-function flat-panel displays; research computers; research air data and inertial state sensors; video recording; data acquisition; data-link; S-band video and data telemetry; Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS); Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B); instrumented surfaces and controls; and a systems operator work station. The transformation of the SR22 to a UAS Surrogate was accomplished in phases. The first phase was to modify the existing autopilot to accept external commands from a research computer that was connected by redundant data-link radios to a ground control station. An electro-mechanical auto-throttle was added in the next phase to provide ground station control of airspeed. Additional phases are in progress to add waypoint navigation and long range satellite voice and data communications. Potential areas for UAS Surrogate research include the development, flight test and evaluation of sensors to aid in the process of air traffic detect-sense-and-avoid. These sensors could be evaluated in real-time and compared with onboard human evaluation pilots. This paper describes the systems and design considerations that were incorporated in the development of the UAS Surrogate along with details of development problems encountered and the corresponding solutions.
机译：需要进行研究以确定将需要哪些程序，飞机传感器和其他系统，以使无人机系统（UAS）在国家空域系统（NAS）中的有人驾驶飞机上安全运行。 NASA兰利研究中心已将Cirrus Design SR22通用航空（GA）飞机转变为UAS代理研究飞机，以作为UAS系统研究，开发，飞行测试和评估的平台。该飞机配备了安全飞行员和系统操作员，可在NAS上几乎任何地方进行飞行操作，而无需获得美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）的授权证书（COA）。 UAS代理可以像真正的UAS一样通过模块化的可移动地面站进行控制。与在限制范围或其他无菌空域飞行的现有车辆相比，UAS Surrogate能够以正常流量在NAS中归档和飞行，并且是用于现实UAS研究和开发的更好平台。 Cirrus Design SR22飞机是NASA Langley购买的小型单引擎四座复合结构飞机，用于支持诸如小型飞机运输系统（SATS）项目之类的NASA飞行研究计划。已安装系统以支持飞行测试研究和数据收集。这些系统包括：独立的研究力量；多功能平板显示器；研究计算机；研究空气数据和惯性状态传感器；视频录制;数据采集​​;数据链接; S波段视频和数据遥测；通用机载仪表系统（CAIS）；自动相关监视广播（ADS-B）；仪表表面和控件；和系统操作员工作站。 SR22到UAS代理的转换分阶段完成。第一阶段是修改现有的自动驾驶仪，以接受来自研究计算机的外部命令，该计算机通过冗余数据链路无线电连接到地面控制站。在下一阶段中添加了电动自动油门，以提供对空速的地面站控制。其他阶段正在进行中，以增加航点导航以及远程卫星语音和数据通信。 UAS代理研究的潜在领域包括传感器的开发，飞行测试和评估，以协助空中交通的检测，避免和感知过程。这些传感器可以实时评估，并与机上人工评估飞行员进行比较。本文描述了UAS代理开发中所包含的系统和设计注意事项，以及遇到的开发问题和相应解决方案的详细信息。

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